Geometric Flavored Arithmetic on Jacobians of Hyperelliptic Curves

Speaker: 

Craig Costello

Institution: 

UCI & Queensland University of Technology

Time: 

Monday, April 18, 2011 - 4:00pm

Location: 

RH 306

As an alternative to elliptic curve groups, Koblitz (1989) suggested Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves for use in public-key cryptography. Hyperelliptic curves can achieve the same level of discrete log based security as elliptic curves, whilst offering the potential advantage of being defined over much smaller fields. At present however, elliptic curves still outperform hyperelliptic curves in general, because of the significant difference in the complexity of computing group operations. Indeed, when deriving fast explicit formulas for elliptic curve computations, one is aided by the simple geometric "chord-and-tangent" description. In contrast, Cantor's algorithm for arithmetic in Jacobian groups suffers from more computationally heavy operations, such as Euclid's algorithm for finding the gcd of two polynomials, and the chinese remainder theorem. In this talk we discuss recent results which exploit a chord-and-tangent-like analogue for hyperelliptic curves. We give a simple description of higher genus Jacobian arithmetic and show that for genus 2 curves this gives rise to explicit formulas which are significantly faster than their Cantor-based counterparts. This is joint work with Kristin Lauter.

Strong Unique Continuation for the Navier-Stokes Equation with Non-analytic Forcing

Speaker: 

Mihaela Ignatova

Institution: 

University of Southern California

Time: 

Thursday, May 19, 2011 - 3:00pm

Location: 

RH 440R

The Navier-Stokes system is the classical model for the motion of a viscous incompressible homogeneous fluid. Physically, the equations
express Newton's second law of motion and the conservation of mass. The unknowns are the velocity vector field u and the scalar pressure field p, while the volume forces f and the kinematic viscosity are given. In this talk, we address the spatial complexity and the local behavior of solutions to the three dimensional (NSE) with general non-analytic forcing. Motivated by a result of Kukavica and Robinson in [4], we consider a system of elliptic-parabolic type for a diference of two solutions (u1; p1) and (u2; p2) of (NSE) with the same Gevrey forcing f. By proving delicate Carleman estimates with the same singular weights for the Laplacian and the heat operator (cf. [1, 2, 3]), we establish a quantitive estimate of unique continuation leading to the strong unique continuation property for solutions of the coupled elliptic-parabolic system. Namely, we obtain that if the velocity vector fields u1 and u2 are not identically equal, then their diference
u1-u2 has finite order of vanishing at any point. Moreover, we establish a polynomial estimate on the rate of vanishing, provided the forcing f lies in the Gevrey class for certain restricted range of the exponents. In particular, the necessary condition for the result in [4] is satisfied; thus a finite-dimensional family
of smooth solutions can be distinguished by comparing a finite number of their point values.
This is a joint work with Igor Kukavica.

References
[1] M. Ignatova and I. Kukavica, Unique continuation and complexity of solutions to parabolic partial diferential equations with Gevrey coeficients, Advances in Diferential Equations 15 (2010), 953-975.
[2] M. Ignatova and I. Kukavica, Strong unique continuation for higher order elliptic equations with Gevrey
coeficients, Journal of Diferential Equations (submitted in August, 2010).
[3] M. Ignatova and I. Kukavica, Strong unique continuation for the Navier-Stokes equation with non-analytic forcing, Journal of Dynamics and Diferential Equations (submitted in January, 2011).
[4] I. Kukavica and J.C. Robinson, Distinguishing smooth functions by a finite number of point values, and a version of the Takens embedding theorem, Physica D 196 (2004), 45-66.

Parabolic approximation of the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.

Speaker: 

Walter Rusin

Institution: 

University of Southern California

Time: 

Thursday, May 26, 2011 - 3:00pm

Location: 

RH 440R

Solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) satisfy the same scaling invariance as the solutions of the heat equation. However, as opposed to the exponential decay of the heat kernel, the kernel of the solution operator of the linear problem associated with NSE (the Stokes system), has only polynomial decay. We consider a parabolic system that shares many features with NSE (scaling, energy estimate) and show that it may be thought of as an approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations. In particular, we address the problem of convergence of solutions to solutions of NSE and partial regularity questions.

On the energy spectrum of 1D quantum Ising quasicrystal.

Speaker: 

William Yessen

Institution: 

UCI

Time: 

Thursday, October 20, 2011 - 2:00pm

Location: 

RH 306

Since the discovery of quasicrystals by Schechtman et. al.
in 1984, quasi-periodic models in mathematical physics have formed an
active area of research. In particular, effects of quasi-periodicity
were investigated in a widely studied model of magnetism: the Ising
model (quantum and classical). Numerical and some analytic results
began to appear in the late '80s; however, most interesting
(numerical) results hitherto remained rigorously unconfirmed.Most of
the previous results relied on a connection with hyperbolic dynamical
systems.It is our aim to rigorously confirm previous numerical
observations, as well as to prove new results, by exploiting further
the aforementioned connection. In particular, we'll prove
multi-fractal structure of the energy spectrum of one-dimensional
quantum quasi-periodic Ising models. We'll also discuss its fractal
dimensions and measure.

Partial hyperbolicity: a brief discourse

Speaker: 

William Yessen

Institution: 

UC Irvine

Time: 

Tuesday, April 12, 2011 - 3:00pm

Location: 

RH 440R

This is the first in a series of two (or three) talks on partial (and normal) hyperbolicity. Partial hyperbolicity is in a sence a generalization of the notion of uniform hyperbolicity -- a well developed branch of smooth dynamical systems. In this talk we will begin with a motivation, definitions and some basic examples, laying the ground for the subsequent discussion of more advanced topics (mainly questions concerning generalization of resulrts of hyperbolic dynamics to partially hyperbolic systems).

Fluctuations of ground state energy in Anderson model with Bernoulli potential

Speaker: 

Professor Jan Wehr

Institution: 

University of Arizona

Time: 

Tuesday, April 12, 2011 - 11:00am

Location: 

RH 306

Energy of the finite-volume ground state of a random Schroedinger operator is studied in the limit as the volume increases. We relate its fluctuations to a classical probability problem---extreme statistics of IID random variables---and describe the detailed behavior of its distribution. Surprisingly, the distributions do not converge---presence of two scales in the system leads to a chaotic volume dependence. A possible application to a sharp estimate of the Lifshits tail will be mentioned. The work presented is done jointly with Michael Bishop.

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