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We are presented with a graph, G, on n vertices and m edges whose edge set is unknown. Our goal is to learn the edges of G with as few queries to an oracle as possible. When we submit a set S of vertices to the oracle, it tells us whether or not S induces at least one edge in G. This so-called OR-query model has been well studied, with Angluin and Chen giving an upper bound on the number of queries needed of O(mlogn) for a general graph G with m edges.
When we allow ourselves to make *quantum* queries (we may query subsets in superposition), then we can achieve speedups over the best possible classical algorithms. In the case where G has maximum degree d and is O(1)-colorable, Montanaro and Shao presented an algorithm that learns the edges of G in at most ˜O(d2m3/4) quantum queries. This gives an upper bound of ˜O(m3/4) quantum queries when G is a matching or a Hamiltonian cycle, which is significantly larger than the lower bound of Ω(√m) queries given by Ambainis and Montanaro.
We improve on the work of Montanaro and Shao in the case where G has bounded degree. In particular, we present a randomized algorithm that, with high probability, learns cycles and matchings in ˜O(√m) quantum queries, matching the theoretical lower bound up to logarithmic factors.